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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">STAT-Proteine</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p><b>STAT-Proteine</b> (Abkürzung für <i>Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription</i>) sind <a href="Transkriptionsfaktor" title="Transkriptionsfaktor">Transkriptionsfaktoren</a>, die in allen Tieren vorkommen. Sie sind über den <a href="JAK-STAT-Signalweg" title="JAK-STAT-Signalweg">JAK-STAT-Signalweg</a> am <a href="Immunsystem" title="Immunsystem">Immunsystem</a>, am <a href="Zellwachstum" title="Zellwachstum">Zellwachstum</a> und der <a href="Zellproliferation" title="Zellproliferation">Proliferation</a> beteiligt. Beim Menschen sind sieben STAT-Proteine bekannt. <a href="Mutation" title="Mutation">Mutationen</a> in STAT-<a href="Gen" title="Gen">Genen</a> sind für mehrere Erbkrankheiten verantwortlich:<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Protein</th>
<th>Gen<br>(HGNC)</th>
<th>UniProt</th>
<th>Länge<br>(AA)</th>
<th>Prozess</th>
<th>Pathologie
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>STAT1</b></td>
<td><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/tools/search/#!/all?query=STAT1">STAT1</a></i></td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P42224">P42224</a></td>
<td>750
</td>
<td>Antivirale Immunantwort; Typ-1-<a href="Interferon" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon">Interferon</a>-Signal
</td>
<td>Anfälligkeit für Infektionen mit Viren und <a href="Mykobakterien" title="Mykobakterien">Mykobakterien</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>STAT2</b></td>
<td><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/tools/search/#!/all?query=STAT2">STAT2</a></i></td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P52630">P52630</a></td>
<td>851
</td>
<td>Antivirale Immunantwort, Typ-1-<a href="Interferon" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon">Interferon</a>-Signal
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>STAT3</b></td>
<td><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/tools/search/#!/all?query=STAT3">STAT3</a></i></td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P40763">P40763</a></td>
<td>760
</td>
<td><a href="Interleukin-6" title="Interleukin-6">Interleukin-6</a>-Signal; Expression der <a href="Akute-Phase-Proteine" class="mw-redirect" title="Akute-Phase-Proteine">Akute-Phase-Proteine</a> während der Immunantwort
</td>
<td><a href="Hyper-IGE-Syndrom" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyper-IGE-Syndrom">Hyper-IgE-Syndrom</a> (mit wiederkehrenden <a href="Staphylokokken" title="Staphylokokken">Staphylokokken</a>-Infektionen)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>STAT4</b></td>
<td><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/tools/search/#!/all?query=STAT4">STAT4</a></i></td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q14765">Q14765</a></td>
<td>748
</td>
<td><a href="Interleukin-12" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin-12">Interleukin-12</a>-Signal
</td>
<td>Anfälligkeit für systemischen <a href="Lupus_erythematodes" title="Lupus erythematodes">Lupus erythematodes</a> und <a href="Rheumatoide_Arthritis" title="Rheumatoide Arthritis">Rheumatoide Arthritis</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>STAT5A</b></td>
<td><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/tools/search/#!/all?query=STAT5A">STAT5A</a></i></td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P42229">P42229</a></td>
<td>794
</td>
<td><a href="Prolactin" class="mw-redirect" title="Prolactin">Prolactin</a>-Signal
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>STAT5B</b></td>
<td><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/tools/search/#!/all?query=STAT5B">STAT5B</a></i></td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P51692">P51692</a></td>
<td>787
</td>
<td><a href="Prolactin" class="mw-redirect" title="Prolactin">Prolactin</a>-Signal
</td>
<td><a href="Laron-Syndrom" title="Laron-Syndrom">Laron-Syndrom</a> Typ 2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>STAT6</b></td>
<td><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/tools/search/#!/all?query=STAT6">STAT6</a></i></td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P42226">P42226</a></td>
<td>847
</td>
<td><a href="Interleukin-4" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin-4">Interleukin-4</a>-Signal
</td>
<td>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funktion_im_JAK-STAT-Signalweg">Funktion im JAK-STAT-Signalweg</h2></div>
<p>Die Bindung extrazellulärer <a href="Cytokine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cytokine">Cytokine</a> aktiviert intrazelluläre Janus-<a href="Kinase" title="Kinase">Kinasen</a>, die spezifische <a href="Tyrosin" title="Tyrosin">Tyrosinreste</a> in den STAT-Proteinen phosphorylieren können. Die STAT-<a href="Monomer" title="Monomer">Monomere</a> können daraufhin durch ihre <a href="SH2-Dom%C3%A4ne" title="SH2-Domäne">SH2-Domäne</a> dimerisieren. Das <a href="Dimer" title="Dimer">Dimer</a> wird dann in den <a href="Zellkern" title="Zellkern">Zellkern</a> transportiert, wo es spezifische <a href="Transkription_(Biologie)" title="Transkription (Biologie)">Gentranskription</a> initiieren kann.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>S. Pellegrini, I. Dusanter-Fourt: <i>The structure, regulation and function of the Janus kinases (JAKs) and the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs).</i> In: <i><a href="European_Journal_of_Biochemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="European Journal of Biochemistry">European Journal of Biochemistry</a></i> Band 248, Nummer 3, September 1997, S. 615–633, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9342212?dopt=Abstract">PMID 9342212</a>. (Review).</li>
<li>T. Kisseleva, S. Bhattacharya u. a.: <i>Signaling through the JAK/STAT pathway, recent advances and future challenges.</i> In: <i>Gene.</i> Band 285, Nummer 1–2, Februar 2002, S. 1–24, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12039028?dopt=Abstract">PMID 12039028</a>. (Review).</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li>SIB: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viralzone.expasy.org/282">Inhibition of host STAT1 by virus</a>, auf: <a href="ExPASy" class="mw-redirect" title="ExPASy">ViralZone</a></li>
<li>SIB: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viralzone.expasy.org/257">Inhibition of host STAT2 by virus</a>, auf: <a href="ExPASy" class="mw-redirect" title="ExPASy">ViralZone</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151229204925/https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/?query=family:%22transcription+factor+STAT+family%22+and+taxonomy:9606&sort=score"><i>UniProtKB results STAT Family.</i></a> UniProt, archiviert vom <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r250917974">
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</style><span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uniprot.org%2Funiprot%2F%3Fquery%3Dfamily%253A%2522transcription%2Bfactor%2BSTAT%2Bfamily%2522%2Band%2Btaxonomy%253A9606%26sort%3Dscore">Original</a></span> (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">2015</span><span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen im Jahr 2015</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASTAT-Proteine&rft.title=UniProtKB+results+STAT+Family&rft.description=UniProtKB+results+STAT+Family&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20151229204925%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.uniprot.org%2Funiprot%2F%3Fquery%3Dfamily%3A%2522transcription%2Bfactor%2BSTAT%2Bfamily%2522%2Band%2Btaxonomy%3A9606%26sort%3Dscore&rft.publisher=UniProt&rft.source=https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/?query=family%3A%22transcription+factor+STAT+family%22+and+taxonomy%3A9606&sort=score&rft.language=en"> </span></span>
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